Far East (countries of eastern and south-eastern Asia such as China and Japan) was an important influence for Art Deco jewelry designers with the use of their materials (jade, coral, pearls and lacquer) and traditional designs and patterns. Far East was an inspiration for art in general (illustration, cinema, fashion, architecture…).The Chinese artist Liu Jipiao designed the Chinese pavilion (decorated with dragons and clouds) at the exhibition 1925 in Paris (“Exposition Internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes”).
Chinese pavilion at the International exhibition in Paris of 1925
China was also an inspiration with its traditional patterns (pagoda, dragon, clouds, geometric patterns, cherry flowers, Chinese masks…) and materials (jade and lacquer).
Verger Frères for Charlton & Co, 1925/1928
Jean Arthur by Eugene Robert Richee
Jean Arthur
George Barbier
Anna May wong (Sino-American actress)
George Barbier
Jean Arthur by Eugene Robert Richee
Anna May Wong (Sino-American actress)
Anna May wong (Sino-American actress)
Jean Arthur
Theodor Benda
George Barbier
Anna May wong (Sino-American actress)
Jean Arthur
George Barbier
George Barbier
Anna May wong (Sino-American actress)
Anna May wong (Sino-American actress)
George Barbier
Anna May wong (Sino-American actress)
Anna May Wong (Sino-American actress)
Georges Fouquet
Cartier earrings (1926) and 1920s Boucheron pendant (center, below)
Europeans admired the elegant and simplicity of Japanese art (ceramics, prints, enamels, metalwork and lacquer ware). Typical Japanese patterns were used by Art Deco jewellers such as clouds, bridges, pagoda, mountains, bonsai, sunrise, cherry blossoms…
George Barbier
Vogue cover by Eduardo Garcia Benito, 1920s
AN ART DÉCO ENAMEL AND DIAMOND COMPACT, BY VAN CLEEF & ARPELS
Erté
Cartier, “nécessaire de bureau”, Japanese garden
VAN CLEEF & ARPELS’ pendant and brooch from 1924 (left), PARIS, 1924 Lacloche Frères ring from 1925 (center, above) and below, a French brooch from 1925 (platinum, diamonds, onyx , enamel and mother of pearl)
Egyptian patterns (scarabs, eye of Horus, lotus flowers, pyramids, Ancient Deities, palmettes, obelisks, hieroglyphs…) seduced Art Deco jewellers namely Cartier and Cleef & Arpels.There was a growing interest for Ancient Egypt with the discovery by Howard Carter of the tomb of Tutankhamen in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, in November 1922. Pierre Cartier wrote in 1923 that “the discovery of the tomb will bring some sweeping changes in fashion jewelry.” In 1924, the bust of Nefertiti was exposed in Berlin.
Bright colours and contrasts were praised such as the combination of lapis lazuli, cornelian, gold and turquoise. New calibre cut coloured gemstones appeared with the Egyptian revival during the Art Deco period. Intricate patterns of nature needed new calibre cuts. Jewellers incorporated archaeological artefacts to their Egyptian revival jewels (Cartier boxes).
Art Deco architecture
Henry Clive
The movie “Cleopatra” starring Claudette Colbert
George Barbier
Theda Bara as Cleopatra, 1917
Erté
Léon Bonnotte, 1923
Claudette Colbert
Erté for Harper’s Bazaar, February 1927
JC Leyendecker
Theda Bara as Cleopatra, 1917
Art Deco architecture
Henry Clive
George Barbier
Cinema theater Louxir in Paris
Lacoche Frères’ earrings (platinum, diamond, ruby and emerald ; 1925)
Ancient Greece has also inspired Art Deco artists. The Greek key and the palmettes were popular patterns during Art deco period.
Erté
Erté
Erté (French art deco illustrator)
The American actress Irene Dunne?
Erté
The movement was influenced by Central America, the Maya, Aztec and Inca civilizations (Pre-Columbian civilizations).“The stepped pyramid structures and bas relief carvings of the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica” have inspired Art deco artists. In the 1920s and 1930s, buildings and monuments inspired by the architecture appeared in the United States (Mayan revival). The ziggurat (“a large rectangular structure with several levels of different sizes and steps leading up it and usually forming part of a Temple”) was an inspiration. We can find during Art Deco period, patterns like masks and scrolls.
El Tajin, pyramid of the Niches
El Castillo (Kukulkan Temple)
450 Sutter Street is San Francisco’s monument (Mayan revival)
Cartier double-clip brooch, 1930
Raymond Templier brooch (turquoise, diamonds abd 18k gold)
India influenced Art Deco jewelers, especially Jacques Cartier. Three days after the exhibition of 1925, Maharadjas came to Paris with their colorful gemstones (sapphires, rubies, emeralds…). They wanted to mount these stones into platinum with griffes. Besides, jewelers used traditional Indian techniques such as Kundan. They added Indian designs and elements into broochs, necklaces and hair ornaments. For example, the Sarpeh (” feathered and jeweled piece worn by noblemen on their turbans”) was added into an Art Deco jewel.
Sarpeh, 1925
Inspired by India, Jacques Cartier used a blend of colored gemstones (rubis, sapphires and emeralds) to create “tutti frutti” jewels, representing leaves and flowers.
Cartier, 1930
Art Deco jewelers reemployed Indian patterns like topiary, elephants, deities, paisley…
Islamic Art was also an influence. Islamic patterns (flowers, plants, geometric patterns, fountain, cypress trees, birds, garden, “jardinières”…) and oriental stylised forms (arabesques…) were used by Art Deco jewelers (Van Cleef and Arpels, Tiffany & Co., Mauboussin, Boucheron…) but especially Jacques Cartier. Colorful gemstones were associated with jade or lapis lazuli. Turquoise was also often used ; Muslims believed it was a stone protecting from evil. The association of blue and green was popular. Persian carpets with exquisite flowers were an inspiration.
George Barbier
George Barbier, Scheherazade, 1911
George Barbier, Ballet Scheherazade, 1913
Georges Lepape, L’habit Persan, 1912
George Barbier
Persian influence
Africa had also an influence on Art Deco jewelry with the use of materials like ivory and ebony and African patterns (geometric patterns and animal fur). The Art Deco period was an era of the jazz and the rebirth of Harlem. The dancer Josephine Baker was very popular and one of the emblems of the Afro-American culture in the 1920s. The Art Deco jeweler Jean Dunand was very interested in African culture. One of the ambassador of the African culture was the rich heiress Nancy Cunart who published an anthology of 150 Afro-American authors. She was photographed by Man Ray with ivory necklaces and the arms full of wood bracelets. French artists like André Derain and Picasso were very fond of African Art and culture.
Photo by Man Ray in 1926
Simone Kahn by Man Ray, 1926
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
Jean Dunand vase
The French actress Danielle Darrieux
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
Paul Iribe
Winold Reiss
The Afro-American dancer and actressJoséphine Baker
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
Photo by Man Ray in 1926
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
Faux bamboo and zebra print sofa, 1920s
Ivan de Silva Bruhns, 1920-5
André Edouard Marty
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
The Afro-American dancer and actress Joséphine Baker
Jean Dunand
Jean Dunand
Besides, Africa was also an influence because of the colonial Empire of France. French government encouraged Art Deco designers to get inspired by the country colonies in Asia and Africa. Exotic materials were used by jewelers like ebony, exotic woods, ivory… In 1931, the colonial exhibition (Exposition Coloniale) took place in Paris (Palais de la Porte Dorée).
